God Nagendra

All the products around us are made of Atoms. The properties of these products depend upon how their atoms are arranged. By rearranging atoms in coal, we can make diamond & by rearraning in sand & adding a few other trace elements we can make computer chips. Todays manufactureing methods are crude at the molecular level. Coating, grinding has led to the tools capable of manipulating individual atoms. Nano technology the shortgun marriage of chemistry & engineering is in the era of

1) Self replicating machinary
2) Self assembling consumer goods

Made from cheap raw atoms by using the well understood chemical properties of atoms & molecules. It proposes the construction of nove molecular devices with extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually & place them exactly to pro1!duce desired structure.

1) Computers billions of times faster
2) safe space travel
3) No more pollution & automatic cleaning of existing pollution
4) Molecular food synthesis to end famine
5) Re introduction of extinct plants & animals

True monuments are timeless & they transcend time. Genius architect turned president thomas jefferson brain child is this structure. The 630 ft steel arch equivalent to 60 story building subject to extreme temp, heavy winds, earthquakes & stress. Within the gigantic frame flexible steel structures of this height, there would be enormous equilibrium. Even in light wind the arch would tend to twist bend at its feet & snap at the top.Resplendent stainless steel potentially very strong as a non structural sheathing for the inner form of carbon steel. By making the stainless steel a structural skin joined with an inner skin in a triangular frame of extraodinary strength. Stability would be assured by concrete poured between the skins upto 300 ft force would flow logically through the feet of arch. The idea of timeless monument & engineers are 1) Euro Saarmen 2) John Denkaloo

This is a condition that can lead to suicides & death in one in ten pregnency. The primary sign of the disorder are high blood pressure, protein in the urine & swelling known in the past as Pregnency induced hypertension. Babies born to preclamptic women face a significantly highe risk of dying or developing life long disabilities than healthy mother babies.

In a normal pregnency the maternal blood vessels to the area of the uterus where the pancake like placenta attaches to the urine wall undergo stunning transformation. To supply the uterus & placenta with a sufficient flow of blood, these blood vessels called spiral arteries increase four fold in diameter. There is an equally diametric increase in the mother’s total blood volume which can expand by as much as 50% during the course of pregnency.

It was recognised in the 1960’s that in preclamptic women the blood vesells to the uterus generally donot undergo the same transformation. The spiral arteries load much like they do when the women is not pregnent. A clear indication that placenta is not getting adequate supply of blood. Speral arteries in precalmptic women remain small is having lot of theories. Lot of researchers are giving lot of data but still it is remaining as a mystery.

More & more people around the world are switching to alternate technology to protect the environment. The birth of electric scooter Vectrix in UK is revolutionizing the auto industry. The price tag may be high at 7000 pounds & may come down after several years. The vectrix sccoter has a horse power of 300 cc (29 bhp), the torque of 900 cc bike, the kilowatt rating of 750 cc (21kw). The vectrix has a regenerative throttle with the grip upwards & downwards. Twist upwards at a steady rate & the bike reverses, twist upwards as you are riding along and it acts as a progressive brake as well as sends a charge back to the battery like the ” energy capture braking technology”. Coming to the formula one next season, throttle’s fly by wire technology commonly used in cars. Currently in yamaha’s R1 & R6 and APRILLA’S shiver. The battery pack nickel metal hydride lies across the bottom of the chasis. The brushless DC radial air gap motor produces max torque of 65 nm (peak) and 22 nm continuos. It is the beginning of wonderful eletric scooter era.

Although scientists are trying to understand the HIV virus from past 27 years. They are still unable to understand about HIV and its infections. Scientists know very little about HIV. They commonly know that HIV destroys Human body immune system. The HIV - 1 intially damages macrophagus, a type of immune cells it bonds through a molecule known as GP120, a (viral surface glycoprotein) to the protein molecule [CD4] on the macrophagus surface. Later it enters T-cells, another type of immune cells. This leads to the collapse of human immune system of body which is called the AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
The happened immune system leaves the body defenseless and suscptible for the attack by all the other diseasrs causing micorbes & cancer.

All the above said theories are research carried out by scientists are just a belief. We need to understand the HIV more as what we have understood is very less. There is a need of further research to understand HIV, until we understand HIV, the possibility of finding a vaccine is a distant dream.

Bio fuels cause cold start probelms in the automobiles. The green alternative to petrol is bio-ethanol, generally fermented. From crops biodiesels are made from the trans-erterfication of rape seed oil as 100% bio diesel. In adopted energies the more saturated fatty acid, the more impact there is on the cold flow properties. Bio fuels have a tendency to include elements that can chemically attack sealing components in the fuel system.

Bio fuels tend to contain a high level of particulate matter of 10 ppm to 20 ppm particulate size. which is the most damaging to the fuel injector. The thermal instability of these fules can allow for further generation of particular oxides. There is a need of filter which is practice temperature coefficient heater which warms the fuels before the filter reducing the possibility of the filter & fuel line blocked in the low ambient temperature conditions.

After 40 years the petroleum resources will be exhausted on earth. Now there is no alternate energy. There is no proper technology existing in the energy conversion sector. The problems of the lunar and to explore the helium-3 gas on the moon. Moon is around 3.8 lakh kms from the earth.It is the nearest of the heavnly bodies & is easy to bring Helium-3 to earth. This gas on the moon can light the earth for another 1000 years.

Scientists around the world should join hands to bring the helium-3 by using carton tube cables for transmission of transmission of helium-3 to earth. The source of sun energy is helium & hydrogen. They are responsible for thermo nuclear reaction in the sun. Helium-3 is a powerful energy source. Although it looks like a fiction, it is possible to bring helium -3 gas to earth in another 15 years. Moon is the nearest heavenly body & is possible to lay cables in space. On the earth itself scientists have laid cables for 15000 to 20000 kms. It is easy to lay cables for around 3.5 lakh kms.

A space shuttle to lay the cable, followed by 30 custom built space shuttles for laying the cable in the space. Small transmission rotors maintained by robots controlled from the earth while transmission of helium - 3 gas. With the generation of electricity in the moon & transmission of power from the moon to the earth. The production of electricity in the moon is less compared to earth. 20 lakhs MW power should be produced from moon.

Breast cancer is a curse for women but it is rarely seen in men. Cancer is an uncontrollable production of cells which destroys the healthy cells. The scientists have found BRCA1, BRCA2 genes responsible for abnormal growth of cells in the breasts. BRCA1, BRCA2 growth triggered the abnormal growth of cells due to the estrogen levels of harmones. Post menopause women with overweight problems is also one of the causes for the problem. Most women with assymetric nodularity, nipple inversions, nipple discharge, breast pan, are the possible medication of cancer.
Diagnising with
1) Biopsy
2) Sound scanning, ultra sound scanning
3) mammography
4) Time needle aspertion - provides the tumor grade estrogen receptor status

Surgery is the primary treatment or a masectomy. The chemotherepy & radio therepy with the use of drug “tamoxifen” which blocks the estrogen receptors in the breast & stops the estrogen stimulating growth. Breast cancer has fallen since from 1989.